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氧(yang)(yang)化鋅(xin)(xin)避(bi)(bi)(bi)雷(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)作(zuo)(zuo)用(yong)： 避(bi)(bi)(bi)雷(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)連(lian)接在(zai)線(xian)纜和(he)大地之間，通(tong)(tong)常(chang)與被(bei)保(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)設備(bei)并聯(lian)。避(bi)(bi)(bi)雷(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)可以(yi)有(you)效(xiao)地保(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)通(tong)(tong)信(xin)設備(bei)，一(yi)旦出(chu)(chu)現不(bu)正常(chang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)，避(bi)(bi)(bi)雷(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)將(jiang)發(fa)生(sheng)(sheng)動作(zuo)(zuo)，起(qi)到(dao)保(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)作(zuo)(zuo)用(yong)。當(dang)(dang)通(tong)(tong)信(xin)線(xian)纜或設備(bei)在(zai)正常(chang)工(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)下運行(xing)時(shi)，避(bi)(bi)(bi)雷(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)不(bu)會(hui)產生(sheng)(sheng)作(zuo)(zuo)用(yong)，對地面來(lai)說視為(wei)(wei)斷路。一(yi)旦出(chu)(chu)現高(gao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)，且危及被(bei)保(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)設備(bei)絕緣時(shi)，避(bi)(bi)(bi)雷(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)立即動作(zuo)(zuo)，將(jiang)高(gao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)沖擊電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)導向大地，從而限(xian)制(zhi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)幅值，保(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)通(tong)(tong)信(xin)線(xian)纜和(he)設備(bei)絕緣。當(dang)(dang)過(guo)(guo)(guo)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)消失后，避(bi)(bi)(bi)雷(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)迅速恢復(fu)原(yuan)狀，使通(tong)(tong)信(xin)線(xian)路正常(chang)工(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)。 因(yin)此，避(bi)(bi)(bi)雷(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)主(zhu)(zhu)要作(zuo)(zuo)用(yong)是通(tong)(tong)過(guo)(guo)(guo)并聯(lian)放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)間隙或非線(xian)性電(dian)(dian)(dian)阻的(de)(de)(de)(de)作(zuo)(zuo)用(yong)，對入侵流(liu)動波進行(xing) 削(xue)幅，降低被(bei)保(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)設備(bei)所受(shou)(shou)(shou)過(guo)(guo)(guo)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)值，從而起(qi)到(dao)保(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)通(tong)(tong)信(xin)線(xian)路和(he)設備(bei)的(de)(de)(de)(de)作(zuo)(zuo)用(yong)。 避(bi)(bi)(bi)雷(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)不(bu)僅(jin)可用(yong)來(lai)防護(hu)(hu)雷(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)產生(sheng)(sheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)高(gao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)，也可用(yong)來(lai)防護(hu)(hu)操作(zuo)(zuo)高(gao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)。 避(bi)(bi)(bi)雷(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)作(zuo)(zuo)用(yong)是用(yong)來(lai)保(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)系(xi)統中(zhong)各種電(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)設備(bei)免受(shou)(shou)(shou)雷(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)過(guo)(guo)(guo)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)、操作(zuo)(zuo)過(guo)(guo)(guo)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)、工(gong)頻暫態過(guo)(guo)(guo)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)沖擊而損壞(huai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)一(yi)個電(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)。避(bi)(bi)(bi)雷(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)類型(xing)主(zhu)(zhu)要有(you)保(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)間隙、閥(fa)型(xing)避(bi)(bi)(bi)雷(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)和(he)氧(yang)(yang)化鋅(xin)(xin)避(bi)(bi)(bi)雷(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)。保(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)間隙主(zhu)(zhu)要用(yong)于限(xian)制(zhi)大氣過(guo)(guo)(guo)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)，一(yi)般用(yong)于配電(dian)(dian)(dian)系(xi)統、線(xian)路和(he)變(bian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)所進線(xian)段保(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)。閥(fa)型(xing)避(bi)(bi)(bi)雷(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)與氧(yang)(yang)化鋅(xin)(xin)避(bi)(bi)(bi)雷(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)用(yong)于變(bian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)所和(he)發(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)廠的(de)(de)(de)(de)保(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)，在(zai)500KV及以(yi)下系(xi)統主(zhu)(zhu)要用(yong)于限(xian)制(zhi)大氣過(guo)(guo)(guo)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)，在(zai)超高(gao)壓(ya)系(xi)統中(zhong)還將(jiang)用(yong)來(lai)限(xian)制(zhi)內(nei)過(guo)(guo)(guo)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)或作(zuo)(zuo)內(nei)過(guo)(guo)(guo)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)的(de)(de)(de)(de)后備(bei)保(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu). 主(zhu)(zhu)要考慮以(yi)下三(san)方面因(yin)素： ⑴承受(shou)(shou)(shou)的(de)(de)(de)(de)地震力(li)； ⑵作(zuo)(zuo)用(yong)于避(bi)(bi)(bi)雷(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)上的(de)(de)(de)(de)大風壓(ya)力(li) ⑶避(bi)(bi)(bi)雷(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)頂端(duan)承受(shou)(shou)(shou)導線(xian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)大允(yun)許(xu)拉(la)力(li)。 五、氧(yang)(yang)化鋅(xin)(xin)避(bi)(bi)(bi)雷(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)良好的(de)(de)(de)(de)解污(wu)(wu)穢性能(neng) 無(wu)間隙氧(yang)(yang)化鋅(xin)(xin)避(bi)(bi)(bi)雷(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)具(ju)有(you)較高(gao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)耐污(wu)(wu)穢性能(neng)。 目前國家(jia)標準規定的(de)(de)(de)(de)爬電(dian)(dian)(dian)比(bi)距等(deng)級為(wei)(wei)： ⑴II級 中(zhong)等(deng)污(wu)(wu)穢地區：爬電(dian)(dian)(dian)比(bi)距20mm/kv ⑵III級 重污(wu)(wu)穢地區：爬電(dian)(dian)(dian)比(bi)距25mm/kv ⑶IV級 特重污(wu)(wu)穢地區：爬電(dian)(dian)(dian)比(bi)距31mm/kv